FDA Detects Bird Flu Virus in Pasteurized Milk Across 8 U.S. States

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has detected fragments of the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus, commonly known as bird flu, in samples of pasteurized milk from dairy cows in at least 8 U.S. states. The viral particles were found in milk purchased from grocery store shelves, indicating that the bird flu outbreak among cattle is more widespread than previously known.

While the presence of viral particles does not necessarily indicate the presence of infectious virus, the FDA is taking this matter seriously. The agency has stated that pasteurization is likely to inactivate the virus, and the overall risk to the general American population is low, particularly from dairy cows. "The FDA and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have reiterated that the commercial milk supply in the U.S. remains safe due to the pasteurization process and the diversion or destruction of milk from sick cows," the FDA said in a statement.

The virus has been spreading among cow herds since February and has infected both humans and chickens. As of April 24, 2024, the outbreak had spread to 33 herds in eight states, with the most widespread impact in Texas. One person in Texas who worked on a commercial dairy farm recently tested positive for bird flu after close contact with infected cows.

Why this matters: The detection of bird flu virus in the U.S. milk supply raises concerns about the potential for the virus to adapt and spread more easily to humans. Federal and state officials are closely monitoring the situation to prevent further spread and protect public health.

The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) is issuing a federal order to require more testing and reporting of bird flu in dairy cows. Lactating cows must test negative for influenza A viruses, including bird flu, before being transported across state lines. The USDA and FDA are working to better understand the spread of the virus and develop rapid testing capabilities.

Federal health officials have stated that the current pasteurization processes should inactivate the H5N1 virus, and the nation's milk supply remains safe. "The FDA is conducting further testing to gauge the specific impacts of H5N1 in milk and other dairy products," the agency said. Surveillance activity has shown no unusual trends in flu-like illnesses, and the CDC's foodborne illness division has not detected any concerning activity linked to milk consumption.

Key Takeaways

• FDA detected HPAI virus fragments in pasteurized milk from 8 U.S. states.
• Pasteurization likely inactivates the virus; overall risk to public is low.
• Virus has infected cow herds in 33 farms across 8 states, including 1 human.
• USDA orders more testing and reporting of bird flu in dairy cows.
• FDA conducting further testing; current milk supply remains safe for consumption.